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Article

General Types of Transformers

Transformers are highly useful devices for transferring energy between circuits. By using inductively coupled electrical conductors as the main agent of transfer, a change in current in the first circuit is carried over to the second circuit, which subsequently assumes the new charge. Each end of the circuit carries the charge within a winding either primary or secondary, which is constituted of electrically conductive wire wound around opposite ends of the transformer core, which has high magnetic permeability, making the transfer possible.
 
In an ideal situation, the change in voltage is proportional, with the second circuit receiving voltage in relation to the number of turns in the primary winding. The voltage is therefore manipulated by altering the number of turns in the primary winding to be larger or smaller than the number of turns in the secondary winding, which either increases or decreases the amount of electricity received. 
 
Transformers are essential for transmitting large amounts of high voltage power over long distances. This is not to say that all transformers are large—they come in many different sizes—and some are certainly not designed for high levels of output. Depending on the intended function and the amount of power needed, transformers can be as small as a fingernail or weigh several hundred tons. 
 
 
Common Types of Transformers
 
Autotransformers
Autotransformers are different from traditional transformers because autotransformers share a common winding. On each end of the transformer core is an end terminal for the winding, but there is also a second winding that connects at a key intermediary point, forming a third terminal. The first and second terminals conduct the primary voltage, while the third terminal works alongside either the first or second terminal to provide a secondary form of voltage. The first and second terminals have many matching turns in the winding. Voltage is the same for each turn in the first and second terminal. An adaptable autotransformer is another option for this process. By uncovering part of the second winding and using a sliding brush as the second terminal, the number of turns can be varied, thus altering voltage.
 
Polyphase Transformers
This type of transformer is commonly associated with three phase electric power, which is a common method of transmitting large amounts of high voltage power, such as the national power grid. In this system, three separate wires carry alternating currents of the same frequency, but they reach their peak at different times, thus resulting in a continuous power flow. Occasionally these “three-phase” systems have a neutral wire, depending on the application. Other times, all three phases can be incorporated into one, multiphase transformer. This would require the unification and connection of magnetic circuits so as to encompass the three-phase transmission. Winding patterns can vary and so can the phases of a polyphase transformer.
 
Leakage Transformer
Leakage transformers have a loose binding between the primary and secondary winding, which leads to a large increase in the amount of inductance leakage. All currents are kept low with leakage transformers, which helps prevent overload. They are useful in applications such as arc welding and certain high-voltage lamps, as well as in the extremely low-voltage applications found in some children’s toys.
 
Resonant Transformer
As a type of leakage transformer, resonant transformers depend on the loose pairing of the primary and secondary winding, and on external capacitors to work in combination with the second winding. They can effectively transmit high voltages, and are useful in recovering data from certain radio wave frequency levels.
 
Audio Transformer
Originally found in early telephone systems, audio transformers help isolate potential interference and send one signal through multiple electrical circuits. Modern telephone systems still use audio transformers, but they are also found in audio systems where they transmit analog signals between systems. Because these transformers can serve multiple functions, such as preventing interference, splitting a signal, or combining signals, they are found in numerous applications. Amplifiers, loudspeakers, and microphones all depend on audio transformers in order to properly perform.
 
Radio Frequency (RF) Coils
Radio Frequency (RF) Coils are commonly used in plasma gas etching of computer chips as a source of energy to create and sustain the plasma. In plasma etching, a pattern is created on a mask, which is then transferred to the surface of the chip using plasma. The plasma etches away the material in the exposed areas of the chip, leaving behind the desired pattern. Plasma is also used in the process of depositing thin films of material onto the surface of the chip, forming a thin film.
 
In plasma etching process, high-frequency alternating current is applied to an RF Coil to generate a strong magnetic field that ionizes the gas molecules in the chamber, which creates a plasma that contains a high density of reactive species, such as ions, radicals, and electrons. which in turn react with the surface of the material being etched. The RF Coils help to sustain the plasma by providing energy to maintain the ionization of the gas and prevent the plasma from decaying.
 
RF Coils can be designed to generate different types of magnetic fields, such as uniform magnetic fields, which are used for plasma generation, or gradient magnetic fields, which are used for plasma control. The design of the RF Coil can also affect the distribution of the plasma in the etching chamber, which can influence the etching rate and selectivity.

Electromagnetic Coils
An Electromagnetic Coil is a type of electrical conductor that is wound into a helical shape, typically using copper wire. When an electric current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field around it, which can be used for a variety of purposes, such as generating motion or storing energy. Electromagnetic coils are used in a wide range of applications. In transformers, they are used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another.